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1.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 111(9): 725-733, nov. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201002

RESUMO

El xantogranuloma juvenil es un trastorno benigno poco frecuente, que pertenece al amplio grupo de las histiocitosis de células no Langerhans. Se presenta con uno o más nódulos eritematosos o amarillentos, ubicados preferentemente en la cabeza y el cuello. La mayoría de los casos se inician durante el primer año de vida, incluyendo lesiones congénitas. La afectación extracutánea es rara, sugiriéndose tradicionalmente en la literatura estudiar el compromiso ocular. El diagnóstico del xantogranuloma juvenil es fundamentalmente clínico, sin embargo, en ocasiones se requiere confirmarlo con biopsia de piel. Las lesiones cutáneas son autolimitadas, por lo que suelen no requerir tratamiento. En la presente revisión se describen los distintos aspectos clínicos y terapéuticos de esta enfermedad, resaltando la evidencia respecto al estudio diagnóstico del compromiso extracutáneo


Juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs) are rare, benign lesions that belong to the large group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses. JXG presents with 1 or more erythematous or yellowish nodules that are usually located on the head or neck. Most JXG lesions are congenital or appear during the first year of life. Extracutaneous involvement is rare, but the literature traditionally suggests investigating the possibility of ocular compromise. JXG is mainly a clinical diagnosis, but a skin biopsy may sometimes be needed for confirmation. JXGs on the skin are self-limiting and usually do not require treatment. This review describes the clinical and therapeutic aspects of JXG, emphasizing available evidence and the diagnosis of extracutaneous involvement


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Xantogranuloma Juvenil/diagnóstico , Xantogranuloma Juvenil/epidemiologia , Xantogranuloma Juvenil/classificação , Imuno-Histoquímica , Telangiectasia/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Pele/patologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Xantogranuloma Juvenil/terapia
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 78(3/4): e158-e160, mar.-abr. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202535

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La microduplicación distal 22q11.2 es una entidad rara, pero de la que están apareciendo cada vez más casos en la literatura, ampliando en cada referencia el espectro de manifestaciones. Presentamos dos casos dentro de la misma familia. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: El caso índice es un recién nacido prematuro, con historia clínica neonatal de sepsis precoz, displasia broncopulmonar, ductus arterioso persistente, hiperbilirrubinemia que precisa exanguinotransfusión, raquitismo grave e hipoacusia neurosensorial profunda bilateral. En su seguimiento evolutivo destacan la talla baja, así como unos rasgos dismórficos, entre los que resaltan macrocefalia con frente amplia, epicanto y braquidactilia. En la RMN de cráneo se detecta ventriculomegalia, sin otras alteraciones, y a los 4 años de edad presenta moderado retraso del lenguaje. Su madre tiene unos rasgos faciales similares, con baja estatura e hiperlordosis, pero sin alteraciones en el aprendizaje. Se realiza hibridación genómica comparativa (aCGH), demostrando una secuencia duplicada de 1,5 Mb en la región 22q11.2, tanto en el paciente como en su madre. DISCUSIÓN: La microduplicación distal de la región 22q11.2 se presenta con una amplia variabilidad clínica, tanto interindividual como dentro de una misma familia. Es difícil una sospecha clínica previa, realizándose el diagnóstico gracias al estudio con aCGH


INTRODUCTION: Distal chromosome 22q11.2 microduplication is a rare condition, but increasingly reported in the medical literature. It is often inherited and shows phenotypic variability. We report two cases in the same family. CASE REPORT: The index case is a preterm newborn with a neonatal clinical history of early-onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, exchange transfusion for hyperbilirubinemia, severe rickets and profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. As the patient grew, he presented with short stature, broad forehead, macrocephaly, epicanthal folds and brachydactyly. A MRI was performed revealed mild ventriculomegaly. At the age of 4, he has moderate language disability. His mother shows similar dysmorphic features plus lumbar hyperlordosis but without learning disabilities. CGH-Array revealed a 1.5 Mb duplication of chromosome 22q11.2 in both the proband and his mother. DISCUSSION: Distal 22q11.2 microduplication presents with a broad range of characteristics, and inter-individual and intra-familial clinical variability. The diagnosis is usually made by CGH-Array


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Cromossomos Humanos Par 22/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Diagnóstico Diferencial
3.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 78(3/4): e91-e95, mar.-abr. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202686

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la repercusión de la maternidad adolescente en el peso de los recién nacidos, y de forma secundaria en otros resultados perinatales. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que compara los resultados perinatales de dos poblaciones de mujeres gestantes del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada entre los años 2004 y 2016: un grupo de madres adolescentes (menores de 19 años al inicio de la gestación) y otro grupo control de gestantes con edades entre los 20 y 35 años al inicio de la gestación. Los datos del embarazo y del periodo neonatal inmediato se recogieron a partir de las historias clínicas informatizadas de madres/hijos. RESULTADOS: Se recogieron todos los partos de gestaciones adolescentes durante este periodo de tiempo (n= 377, 1,3% del total de gestaciones de nuestro hospital en dicho periodo) y se compararon con un grupo control de madres no adolescentes (n= 143). De forma significativa, las gestantes adolescentes fueron con mayor frecuencia extranjeras, tuvieron un peor control gestacional, y una menor proporción de partos instrumentalizados y cesáreas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en cuanto a edad gestacional, peso al nacimiento, prematuridad, consumo de tóxicos durante la gestación, pH del cordón, tipo de lactancia, ingreso en la unidad neonatal, días de hospitalización ni morbilidad del recién nacido. CONCLUSIONES: No se aprecia en nuestro estudio un aumento del riesgo de resultados perinatales adversos en relación con el embarazo adolescente


INTRODUCTION: This study aims to assess the impact of adolescent motherhood on the weight of newborns, and secondarily on other perinatal outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study, comparing perinatal results of two pregnant women cohorts, between 2004 and 2016: a first group of adolescent mothers (younger than 19 years old at the beginning of their pregnancy), and a second group of mothers 20-35 years old (control group). Patient data about pregnancy and immediate perinatal period were retrieved from electronic medical notes. RESULTS: Adolescent deliveries during 2004-2016 were 377 (1,3% of the total number of childbirths). They were compared with a control group of non-adolescent deliveries (n= 143). Adolescent mothers were more frequently immigrant, they had worse prenatal care, and less proportion of caesarean and instrumental deliveries. No significant differences were found about gestational age, birthweight, prematurity, drug consumption, umbilical cord pH, lactation, neonatal unit admission, days of hospital stay or neonatal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: We have not found in our study an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in relation to adolescent pregnancy


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Resultado da Gravidez , Peso ao Nascer , Comportamento do Adolescente , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cordão Umbilical/química
5.
Rev. lab. clín ; 12(4): e34-e53, oct.-dic. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-187310

RESUMO

El hierro es un elemento químico esencial para todos los organismos vivos, necesario para un amplio espectro de funciones metabólicas vitales. La exploración del metabolismo del hierro puede ser difícil en algunas situaciones, tales como en el paciente con una enfermedad crónica, por la respuesta de los biomarcadores frente a la inflamación. En los últimos años el laboratorio clínico ha incorporado nuevos biomarcadores a los tradicionalmente empleados, con el fin de mejorar su contribución al diagnóstico y seguimiento de la ferropenia. Se ha realizado una búsqueda sistemática de la evidencia científica publicada en los diez últimos años para los siguientes biomarcadores: el diagnóstico morfológico de la sangre periférica, los índices hematimétricos, y las concentraciones plasmáticas de transferrina (y sus índices), ferritina, receptor soluble de transferrina y hemoglobina, en la ferropenia. Se emiten recomendaciones para estos biomarcadores en relación al diagnóstico y manejo del paciente ferropénico


Iron is an essential chemical element for all living organisms, and is required for a broad spectrum of vital metabolic functions. The study of iron metabolism can be challenging in some situations, such as in patients with chronic diseases, due to the effect of inflammation response. In recent years, clinical laboratory research has introduced new biomarkers to those commonly used, with the aim of improving the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency. In this work, a systematic search of the scientific evidence reported during the last decade has been made for the following biomarkers: morphological diagnosis of peripheral blood, hematimetric indices, and plasma concentrations of transferrin (and its indices), ferritin, transferrin receptor, and haemoglobin, in iron deficiency. Recommendations are made for these biomarkers related to the diagnosis and management of the iron-deficient patient


Assuntos
Humanos , Anemia Ferropriva/diagnóstico , 16595/diagnóstico , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Ferro/diagnóstico , Ferritinas/sangue , Contagem de Reticulócitos/métodos , Índices de Eritrócitos , Transferrinas/sangue , Hemoglobinometria/métodos , Guias como Assunto , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Biomarcadores/análise , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Testes Hematológicos/métodos
6.
J Periodontol ; 90(3): 271-280, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30192986

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the ameliorative effect of hesperidin (HES), an anti-inflammatory flavanone, in rats with ligation (Lig)-induced periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into non-ligation group (NL), Lig group, and two ligation-plus-HES groups (L+H). HES was administered immediately after ligature placement at a dose of 75 or 150 mg/kg by intragastric feeding. Destruction of the ligated maxillary second and mandibular first molars were evaluated by dental radiography, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histometry performed after sacrificing the rats on the seventh day. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger (m)RNAs in the gingiva were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of iNOS was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The dental radiography and micro-CT findings revealed significantly increased alveolar bone loss in the Lig group, which was significantly prevented by HES. The histometry results revealed less gingival inflammation and connective tissue loss in the L+H groups compared with that in the Lig group. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-1 ß, and iNOS were significantly increased in the Lig group but were reduced in the L+H groups. The immunostaining results showed that the ligation-induced iNOS expression was also decreased by HES. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of HES promotes an ameliorative effect against the ligation-induced alveolar bone loss and effectively inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis. Therefore, HES may be a good candidate for modulating oral inflammatory diseases.


Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar , Hesperidina , Periodontite , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ligadura , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Wistar , Microtomografia por Raio-X
7.
Clin Nutr ESPEN ; 25: 110-113, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29779804

RESUMO

The global health community has recognized the role of food and nutrition in health maintenance and disease prevention. Undernutrition is an important problem in clinical circles but it is still not highly considered by specialists. It is well known the consequences of undernutrition on the immunological systems. Furthermore, the main consequences are an increase of morbidity-mortality rates, postoperative complications, length of stay and number of hospital early readmissions. These are all reasons to lead to increase health-care financial costs. The total assistance quality could be improved by the arrangement of an automatic detection system of undernutrition. In our hospital, we use the screening tool "CONtrolling NUTritional status" (CONUT). To measure albumin, the laboratory could use bromocresol green (BCG) and bromocresol purple (BCP) method. The aim of this study is to evaluate the CONNUT tool to classify patients using two different albumin methods to measure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The albumin and cholesterol performed in Advia 2400 analyzer using bromocresol green and purple methods to measure albumin. The total lymphocytes performed in Advia 2120. We calculate CONNUT index and classify the patients based on nutritional status. When we classified our patients based on nutritional status (CONNUT), 28% were misclassified, almost in moderate and severe groups. This is very important because this tool generates a multidisciplinary action to the patient. Therefore, in the Clinical Laboratory we have to know the methods we use, the validity of these methods in future tools/index and the management and outcome of the patients.


Assuntos
Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Albumina Sérica Humana/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Contagem de Linfócitos , Linfócitos , Masculino , Desnutrição/sangue , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto Jovem
8.
Rev. calid. asist ; 32(5): 255-261, sept.-oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-167344

RESUMO

Objetivo. Valorar el conocimiento, el deseo de inclusión y la aplicación, en el Hospital Universitario de La Ribera, de los protocolos de atención al parto normal, valorando los motivos por los que no se aplican y el cumplimiento de la asistencia a actividades formativas preparto. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Realización de 186 encuestas mediante muestreo de conveniencia a gestantes que acudieron a control de bienestar fetal en el hospital entre 2014 y 2015. Se recogieron datos sobre conocimiento, deseo de inclusión y cumplimiento de protocolos, motivos de no cumplimiento y asistencia a actividades formativas. Se calcularon porcentajes e intervalos de confianza. Se utilizó test de la Chi-cuadrado para comparación de variables categóricas. Resultados. Se recogieron porcentajes de conocimiento del 77% (IC95%: 75,5-78,5) y de deseo de inclusión del 84,6% (IC95%: 82,5-86,7) de los protocolos. El cumplimiento varió desde el 6% (administración de óxido nitroso) hasta el 91% (contacto piel con piel). El principal motivo de no cumplimiento fue el relacionado con las circunstancias del parto (56,3%, IC95%: 51,1-61,5). La asistencia a la preparación al parto fue del 62%, con mayor cumplimiento en primíparas (p=0,0001) con nivel de estudios medio-alto (p=0,001). Conclusiones. Las gestantes tienen un elevado conocimiento y deseo de inclusión de los protocolos de atención al parto normal. La asistencia a actividades formativas preparto es mejorable y el principal motivo de no asistencia es la falta de información. El cumplimiento es bueno en la mayoría de los protocolos; cuando no se aplican es debido a las circunstancias del parto. Queda pendiente introducir protocolos aún sin implantar e implicar a las gestantes en la toma de decisiones (AU)


Objective. To assess knowledge, wish for inclusion and implementation of normal childbirth care protocols at La Ribera University Hospital, the reason why they are not applied, and to assess the attendance at antepartum training activities. Material and method. Cross-sectional descriptive study. They were carried out 186 surveys by convenience sampling to pregnant women attending fetal well-being control at hospital between 2014 and 2015. They were collected data about knowledge, wish for inclusion, compliance of protocols and reasons for non-compliance, and attendance at antepartum training activities. Percentages and confidence intervals were calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Results. They were collected percentages of knowledge (77%, CI95%: 75,5-78,5) and wish for inclusion (84,6%, CI95%: 82,5-86,7). Protocol compliance ranged from 6% (nitrous oxide administration) to 91% (skin-to-skin contact). The main reasons for non-compliance were due to circumstances of childbirth process (56,3%, CI95%: 51,1-61,5). Attendance at maternal education classes was 62%, mainly primiparous women (p=0,0001) with medium or high education level (p=0,001). Conclusions. Pregnant women have a high knowledge and wish for inclusion of normal childbirth care protocols. Attendance at antepartum training activities could by improved and the main reason for non-attendance is lack of information. Compliance is good enough in most protocols; when they are not applied is due to childbirth circumstances. Remaining tasks include the introduction of additional protocols and to involve pregnant women in decision-making (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Apresentação no Trabalho de Parto , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/organização & administração , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/tendências , Inquéritos e Questionários , Intervalos de Confiança
11.
Rev. calid. asist ; 32(1): 17-20, ene.-feb. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159049

RESUMO

Objetivo. Implantar un programa de alta precoz hospitalaria en el parto sin complicaciones para mejorar la efectividad, garantizando la seguridad clínica y la aceptabilidad de los pacientes. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de la efectividad de un programa de alta precoz en el parto sin complicaciones entre febrero de 2012 y septiembre de 2013. Población a estudio: puérperas y recién nacidos con ingreso en el Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, con una duración inferior a 24h, tras parto sin complicaciones que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión definidos. La satisfacción se evaluó mediante una encuesta con escala Likert. La efectividad del programa se monitorizó mediante indicadores de seguridad, productividad, adecuación y continuidad asistencial. Resultados. El 20% de los casos susceptibles de alta precoz del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada completaron el programa. El 94% fueron partos eutócicos. Los 188 casos incluidos —sobre 911 pacientes con parto no complicado— representaron el 6,5% del total de los 2.857 partos atendidos. La estancia media de las pacientes incluidas presentó una disminución del 50% (2,4 a 1,2 días). La continuidad asistencial tras el alta hospitalaria fue seguida por la totalidad de las pacientes. En el 4,8% se reprogramó una consulta de revisión. El 2% de las pacientes reingresaron antes de 96h por problemas no graves. Cuatro recién nacidos (2%) precisaron atención en urgencias (madre o recién nacido) antes de 96h. La evaluación de la satisfacción de las pacientes alcanzó 4,5 sobre 5. Conclusiones. El programa logró una disminución de la estancia media en un 50%, favoreciendo la autonomía de las matronas. Su nivel de aceptación está en línea con intervenciones similares. El despliegue realizado puede ser útil para otras modificaciones de procesos asistenciales (AU)


Objective. To implement a program of early hospital discharge after an uncomplicated birth, in order to improve the effectiveness, as well as ensuring clinical safety and patient acceptability. Material and methods. Descriptive study of the effectiveness of an early discharge program after uncomplicated delivery between February 2012 and September 2013. The populations are post-partum women and newborns admitted to the University Hospital of Fuenlabrada, with a duration of less than 24h after uncomplicated delivery that met the defined inclusion criteria. Satisfaction was assessed using a Likert scale. The effectiveness of the program was monitored by safety indicators, productivity, adaptation, and continuity of care. Results. A total of 20% of cases capable of early discharge from Fuenlabrada University Hospital completed the program. Almost all (94%) were normal deliveries. The 188 cases included were from 911 patients with uncomplicated childbirth, accounting for 6.5% of the 2,857 total births. The mean stay of patients included showed a decrease of 50% (2.4 to 1.2 days). All patients received continuity of care after hospital discharge. The review consultation was reprogrammed for 4.8% of cases, with 2% of patients re-admitted within 96h. with no serious problems. Four newborns (2%) required attention in the emergency department (mother or newborn) before 96h. The assessment of patient satisfaction achieved a score of 4.5 out of 5. Conclusions. The program achieved a decrease in the average stay by 50%, favouring the autonomy of midwives. This acceptance level is in line with similar interventions. The deployment of the program may be useful for other changes in care processes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Alta do Paciente/economia , Alta do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Alta do Paciente/normas , Planos e Programas de Saúde/economia , Planos e Programas de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Parto/fisiologia , Satisfação do Paciente/economia , Satisfação do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Política de Saúde/economia , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Tempo de Internação/economia , Tempo de Internação/legislação & jurisprudência , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/economia , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração
12.
Sanid. mil ; 72(3): 227-232, jul.-sept. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-157320

RESUMO

Desde el inicio del trabajo de nuestras Fuerzas Armadas en Afganistán en 2002, hasta la actualidad, muchos efectivos han sido desplegados en esta Zona de Operaciones. La cadena logística sanitaria diseñada para el apoyo sanitario a la Fuerza desplegada tiene una clara misión, procurar a los heridos una asistencia sanitaria tan eficaz como la que se dispone en Territorio Nacional y una vez estabilizados solicitar su evacuación médica, que continúe y adelante los cuidados en ruta para un tratamiento definitivo en nuestro País. Esta responsabilidad corresponde a la Unidad Médica de Aeroevacuación, del Ejército del Aire. En un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo del archivo de la unidad, se analizan las evacuaciones realizadas con origen en Afganistán, en cuanto a la naturaleza de las lesiones, los medios aéreos empleados y los recursos humanos y materiales que se implican en cada misión encomendada


Since the beginning of the Spanish Military deployment in Afghanistan in the year 2002 to the present, many troops have been deployed in the Operations Theatre. It has been designed a medical-supply chain to support the contingents, whose main aim is to provide the injured people with medical assistance as efficient as it is in their home country. Once those injured people have been stabilized, an AeroMedical evacuation is needed to take them to a role 4 facility for the definitive treatment. In this Aeromedical Evacuation the treatment should be continued or even have the possibility of start a new one. The MedEvac responsibility relays on the Aeromedical Evacuation Unit (UMAER). Aeromedical evacuations preformed from Afghanistan have been reviewed in a descriptive and retrospective study using the unite archives. In this study we analyze the wounds nature, aeronautical assets that have been employed and the material and human resources used in every mission


Assuntos
Humanos , Evacuação Estratégica/normas , Ferido de Guerra , Conflitos Armados/estatística & dados numéricos , Transferência de Pacientes/métodos , Campanha Afegã de 2001- , Estudos Retrospectivos , 51708/estatística & dados numéricos , Instalações Militares/normas , Militares/estatística & dados numéricos , Resgate Aéreo
14.
Rev. calid. asist ; 31(supl.1): 11-19, jun. 2016. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154538

RESUMO

Objetivo. Introducir una escala de alerta clínica precoz en nuestra práctica habitual, evaluar su utilidad para prevenir el deterioro evitable en niños hospitalizados y capacitar al personal para comunicar la información y responder de forma efectiva. Material y métodos. Valoración de la aplicación de una escala de alerta clínica precoz incluida en la historia clínica electrónica, en pacientes hospitalizados de 0 a 15años (febrero 2014-septiembre 2014). La puntuación máxima era 6. Se requería evaluación del personal de enfermería cuando era >2 o conjunta médico-enfermera cuando era >3. Indicadores de seguimiento: porcentaje de pacientes con escala; porcentaje de registros completos; porcentaje de escalas >3; porcentaje de registros >3 con aviso al médico; porcentaje de cambios de tratamiento derivados del aviso y pacientes trasladados a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) o fallecimientos no detectados por la escala. Resultados. La escala se aplicó al 100% de pacientes ingresados (931), realizándose 7.917 tomas, con el 78,8% de registros completos. El 1,9% de las tomas fueron >3 y en el 70,5% se cumplió el aviso al médico. En el 14% de registros >3 se registró intensificación del tratamiento o solicitud de pruebas complementarias. Un paciente precisó traslado a UCIP (puntuación 2) y no hubo fallecimientos. La preocupación de los familiares/personal quedó registrada en el 80% de tomas. Conclusiones. Las escalas de alerta clínica precoz infantil permiten homogeneizar la monitorización, unificar formularios y mejorar los registros. La escasa aparición de complicaciones graves que requieran ingreso en UCIP y fallecimientos obligan a buscar otras variables de resultado para su evaluación (AU)


Objectives. The aims of this study were to introduce a paediatric early warning score (PEWS) into our daily clinical practice, as well as to evaluate its ability to detect clinical deterioration in children admitted, and to train nursing staff to communicate the information and response effectively. Material and methods. An analysis was performed on the implementation of PEWS in the electronic health records of children (0-15 years) in our paediatric ward from February 2014 to September 2014. The maximum score was 6. Nursing staff reviewed scores >2, and if >3 medical and nursing staff reviewed it. Monitoring indicators: % of admissions with scoring; % of complete data capture; % of scores >3; % of scores >3 reviewed by medical staff, % of changes in treatment due to the warning system, and number of patients who needed Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission, or died without an increased warning score. Results. The data were collected from all patients (931) admitted. The scale was measured 7,917 times, with 78.8% of them with complete data capture. Very few (1.9%) showed scores >3, and 14% of them with changes in clinical management (intensifying treatment or new diagnostic tests). One patient (scored 2) required PICU admission. There were no deaths. Parents or nursing staff concern was registered in 80% of cases. Conclusions. PEWS are useful to provide a standardised assessment of clinical status in the inpatient setting, using a unique scale and implementing data capture. Because of the lack of severe complications requiring PICU admission and deaths, we will have to use other data to evaluate these scales (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/organização & administração , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Melhoria de Qualidade/organização & administração , Melhoria de Qualidade/normas , Melhoria de Qualidade , Hospitalização/tendências , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/normas , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Melhoramento Biomédico/normas , Choque/epidemiologia , Choque/prevenção & controle , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/história , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/instrumentação , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/organização & administração , Estudos Prospectivos
15.
Ir Vet J ; 68: 25, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26500763

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ovine pregnancy toxaemia is a common metabolic disorder of ewes due to increased foetal energy requirements in late pregnancy. This pathology is a metabolic condition characterized by hypoglycaemia and hyperketonaemia resulting in the inability of the animal to maintain an adequate energy balance. The response to treatment is effective, if it is started in the early stages of the disease, when irreversible neurological injuries have not yet been established. The aim was to evaluate three therapeutic alternatives to effectively reverse the disease process in its early stages. For this, thirty adult Corriedale ewes, pregnant with a single lamb, were randomly separated in three groups of ten animals each, at day 130 of gestation. From that day onwards, ewes were locked up for forage fasting until glycaemia reached clinical values defining sub-clinical pregnancy toxaemia (1.59 ± 0.24 mmol/L). After fasting, ewes grazed and received a treatment for 4 days: 50 ml i.v. infusions of hypertonic glucose and 20 UI insulin/ewe/day s.c. or 100 ml/sheep/12 h of glycerol together with propylene glycol oral solution or fed with pasture supplemented with two daily intakes 300 g/sheep of cracked corn. Glycaemia and ß-hydroxybutyrate were determined in all the animals from the beginning of fasting until the completion of the treatment. RESULTS: Fasting caused a decline in blood glucose in the 3 groups. This decline continued until fasting was withdrawn and treatment began. Thereafter blood glucose increased in all three groups, although in the group supplemented with glycerol and propylene glycol it started to increase significantly after 12 h. The values of ß-hydroxybutyrate decreased in the 3 groups at the start of treatment, and this decline was more pronounced earlier on and in the group supplemented with glycerol and propylene glycol. We found no significant differences between all experimental groups. No animal showed clinical signs of pregnancy toxaemia throughout the research. CONCLUSIONS: The three treatments administered to sheep affected by sub-clinical pregnancy toxaemia were able to restore normal concentration of glucose and ß-hydroxybutyrate in blood, although per os administration of 100 ml/sheep/12 h of glycerol with propylene glycol, was the most successful treatment, normalizing the aforementioned biochemical parameters in a shorter time.

16.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 90(5): 220-232, mayo 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137695

RESUMO

PROPÓSITO: Las tasas de la cirugía de la catarata han aumentado de forma espectacular en las últimas dos décadas. Sin embargo, las variaciones en la práctica clínica en esta cirugía no han sido estudiadas en profundidad. El objetivo de esta revisión es el análisis de dicha variabilidad, incluyendo los factores que la originan y las consecuencias sobre la calidad asistencial y la planificación sanitaria. Asimismo se resalta la importancia de reducirla y se exponen diversas estrategias que permiten su control. Hallazgos recientes: A lo largo del artículo se presentan las últimas investigaciones en las que se considera que el desarrollo y la implementación de guías de práctica clínica constituyen la mejor herramienta para estandarizar los procesos de cuidados. CONCLUSIÓN: El control del componente injustificado o no deseado de las variaciones, además de mejorar la calidad asistencial, puede suponer un importante ahorro en el gasto sanitario


PURPOSE: Cataract surgery rates have dramatically increased in the last two decades. However, clinical practice variation in cataract surgery has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this review is to analyze clinical practice variation, including the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. Then, its role in health care planning and health care quality is focused, emphasizing the importance of reducing it and providing several practical strategies to accomplish it. Recent findings: The latest researches are presented in this article. They identify the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines as the best tool to standardize care processes. CONCLUSION: Managing unwarranted or unwanted variation would improve quality of care and may lead to a significant saving in health care spending


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Extração de Catarata/classificação , Extração de Catarata/métodos , Cirurgia Geral/classificação , Cirurgia Geral/métodos , Tonsilectomia/enfermagem , Oftalmologia/educação , Oftalmologia , Saúde Pública , Saúde Pública/métodos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Extração de Catarata/instrumentação , Cirurgia Geral/instrumentação , Cirurgia Geral , Tonsilectomia/educação , Tonsilectomia/métodos , Oftalmologia/classificação , Oftalmologia/métodos , Saúde Pública/classificação , Saúde Pública/instrumentação , Qualidade de Vida/legislação & jurisprudência
17.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 73(1): 10-13, ene. 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-132654

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: La tos ferina, lejos de estar en proceso de erradicación, presenta una incidencia cada vez más elevada en nuestro medio. Si bien la mortalidad es menor del 1%, la morbilidad es elevada y supone un coste considerable para la sociedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la incidencia de las hospitalizaciones relacionadas con la tos ferina en niños en un área periférica de Madrid. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de la historia clínica electrónica de los pacientes ingresados en el servicio de pediatría con diagnóstico de síndrome pertusoide, desde enero de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2012. Se calcula la tasa de incidencia de hospitalización por síndrome pertusoide y el tiempo medio de la estancia. Resultados: La incidencia de hospitalización fue de 34 casos/100.000 menores de 5 años/año. En 2011 se concentraron más del 25% de los casos, con una incidencia de 68/100.000 menores de 5 años. El 100% de los casos se produjo en menores de 1 año. Más de la mitad de los pacientes tenía historia familiar de la enfermedad. La media (± desviación estándar) de la estancia fue de 6,1 (± 3,5 días). El 6,2% de los pacientes requirió el ingreso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. No detectamos casos de mortalidad. Conclusiones: La incidencia de hospitalización por tos ferina en menores de 5 años presenta una tendencia ascendente (AU)


Title: Pertussis: an increasing preventable disease. Hospital admissions in children in a second level Hospital (period 2008-2012) Background and aim: Pertussis or whooping cough is far from eradication, and the incidence is increasing in our environment. Although mortality rate is less than 1%, the morbidity is high, and involves a high cost to society. The aim of this study is to estimate the rate of hospital admissions in children due to whooping-cough in a peripheral area in Madrid. Methods: We carried out a retrospective epidemiological survey. Data were obtained by review of clinical electronic history. All hospital discharges in children under 5 (ICD-9-CM 033) between January 2008 and December 2012 were analyzed. We estimated the annual incidence of hospitalization for pertussis and average length of stay. Results: The annual incidence during the period of the study was 34 per 100,000 children under 5. Up to 25% of the cases occurred at 2011. 100% of children were less than 1 year of age; average age: 3.1 months (SD= 1.6). More than half (56%) concerned symptoms in the near-family. Average length of stay was 6.1 days (SD= 3.5). 6.2% of patients needed critical care assistance. There were no mortality cases. Conclusion: Rate of hospital admissions in children under 5 years due to whooping-cough is increasing (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Coqueluche/complicações , Coqueluche/genética , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Vacinação/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hospitalização , Incidência , Morbidade , Espanha
18.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 72(11): e370-e373, dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131527

RESUMO

Introducción: Redactar y publicar requiere una metodología, una organización y una sistemática que los pediatras deben conocer. Objetivo: Evaluar la formación en publicaciones biomédicas entre los pediatras y especialistas médicos que trabajan en nuestra área de pediatría, así como su experiencia personal respecto a la publicación de artículos. Material y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta de oportunidad con 13 preguntas cerradas y una mixta sobre formación, experiencia y motivación para publicar. La muestra estuvo constituida por los asistentes a una sesión sobre «Cómo publicar artículos » de un curso dirigido a pediatras, médicos de familia, residentes de pediatría (MIR-pediatría) y residentes de medicina familiar. La estadística descriptiva se llevó a cabo con el programa SPSS versión 15. Resultados: La población diana estuvo formada por 53 médicos; cumplimentaron el cuestionario 34 (64,1%). Sólo 13 de los 34 respondedores (38%) refirieron haber asistido a cursos o seminarios sobre cómo realizar una publicación: 9 de 21 pediatras (42,8%), 2 de 6 MIR-pediatría (33,3%) y 2 de 7 MIR-medicina de familia (28,6%). Respecto a la experiencia, 18 pediatras (85,7%) publicaron al menos 1 artículo en los últimos 5 años; publicaron más de 5 artículos 5 pediatras (23,8%), 2 MIR-pediatría (ambos menos de 6 artículos) y 5 MIR-medicina de familia. Respecto a la motivación, publicar les resultó «demasiado difícil» a 5 (un 20% de los que publicaron). El motivo principal para publicar fue el currículum personal (un 94,1% de 34). Discusión: Este estudio piloto nos sirvió para conocer la realidad y la necesidad formativa para escribir artículos biomédicos en nuestra muestra local. Es una propuesta para extender este tipo de estudios a otros distritos o áreas sanitarias. Un porcentaje importante señaló que no le resultó emocionalmente positivo publicar, antes al contrario, que tuvo «demasiadas dificultades». Conclusiones: En nuestra muestra se observa una falta de formación percibida en escritura científica. Para conocer, promover y orientar las necesidades de formación en docencia sobre escritura biomédica, creemos recomendable potenciar herramientas como este tipo de encuestas (AU)


Title: How are pediatricians trained to write biomedical articles? A pilot study Introduction: Writing and publishing require a methodology, organization, and systematics that all pediatricians should know. Objective: To evaluate the level of training on biomedical publications among pediatricians and other medical specialists who work in pediatrics in our area, as well as their personal experience in publishing. Material and methods: An opportunity survey with 13 closed questions and another mixed question on training, experience, and motivation to publish. Sample: physicians attending to a lecture about «How to publish articles» from a course aimed to pediatricians, family physicians, pediatrics residents (MIR-pediatrics), and residents in family medicine (MIR-family physicians). Descriptive statistics: SPSS version 15. Results: The target population was 53 physicians. Thirty four (64.1%) fulfilled the questionnaire. Only 13 (38.2%) from the people who answered were trained in publication techniques (through courses and seminars): pediatricians 9 out of 21 (42.8%), MIR-pediatrics 2 out of 6 (33.3%), MIR-family physicians 2 out of 7 (28.6%). Experience: a) published at least one article in the last 5 years: pediatricians 18 (85.7%); b) more than 5 articles: pediatricians 5 (23.8%), MIR-pediatrics 2 (33%, both <6 articles), MIR-family physicians 5. Motivation: publishing was experienced as «too difficult» for 5 (20% of those who had published). The main reason for publishing was personal curriculum (94.1% of 34). Discussion: This pilot study offers a glance at reality and let us know the necessity to train on how to write biomedical article. This work is a proposal to extend this kind of studies to other districts or sanitary areas. A considerable percentage of people didn't remark publishing as emotionally positive, instead, they found it «too difficult». Conclusions: In our sample, a lack of training in scientific writing has been proven. We recommend enhancing tools such as these surveys, in order to discover, promote, and guide through training skills to teach biomedical writing (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Médicos/ética , Educação Médica/classificação , Educação Médica , Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos/ética , Pediatria/educação , Pediatria/ética , Pediatria/organização & administração , Educação Médica/organização & administração , Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos/métodos , Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos/tendências , Escrita Manual , Inquéritos e Questionários
19.
Bol. pediatr ; 54(229): 156-165, 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-128629

RESUMO

La nefritis focal aguda se define como una lesión renal causada por infección focal aguda sin licuefacción. No es posible diferenciar mediante el cuadro clínico o de laboratorio una nefritis focal aguda de una pielonefritis aguda, siendo necesario el estudio de imagen. En las escasas publicaciones pediátricas al respecto, no existe uniformidad en las pautas de actuación diagnóstica y terapéutica. Presentamos una revisión de los casos de nefritis focal aguda diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro hospital en los últimos 8 años. En nuestra serie, todos los pacientes presentaron una evolución favorable en el momento agudo, con desaparición de la fiebre a los 2-4 días de tratamiento y normalización de la imagen ecográfica en un máximo de 9 días, a pesar de recibir diferentes pautas antibióticas. Sin embargo, al realizar gammagrafía de control a los 6-9 meses del episodio encontramos un porcentaje de hipocaptaciones focales superior al de la pielonefritis aguda sin complicaciones suspurativas


Acute focal nephritis is defined as a renal injury caused by acute focal infection without liquefaction. As it is not possible to differentiate clinically or by laboratory tests acute focal nephritis from acute pyelonephritis, imaging studies become necessary. Pediatric reports on this topic are scarce, and there are no current available guidelines on diagnosis and management. We report a series of acute focal nephritis cases diagosed and treated at our hospital in the last 8 years. All patients included in this study had a favorable outcome in the acute phase, with defervescence within 2-4 days of treatment. Ultrasound imaging normalized in a maximum of 9 days, despite the different antibiotic regimens employed. However, renal scan performed 6 to 9 months after the acute episode showed a higher percentage of focal hipocaption when compared to acute pyelonephritis without suppurative complications


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Nefrite/diagnóstico , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/diagnóstico , Pielonefrite/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estudos Retrospectivos , Leucocitose/urina
20.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 71(10): 218-221, nov. 2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-118662

RESUMO

La gastroenteritis aguda (GEA) es una causa frecuente de hospitalización en la edad pediátrica. Aunque la etiología viral es la predominante, las bacterias pueden ser un agente importante en algunas épocas del año. Se lleva a cabo un estudio descriptivo prospectivo de las GEA de origen bacteriano que requirieron hospitalización en niños menores de 5 años en un hospital de un área suburbana de Madrid, desde enero de 2005 hasta diciembre de 2010. La etiología bacteriana es responsable del 9,3% de los ingresos por GEA en menores de 5 años, con una incidencia de 0,9 ingresos a causa de una GEA bacteriana por 1.000 menores de 5 años, aunque se ha constatado un descenso en 2005 respecto al resto de los años de estudio. El germen más frecuentemente implicado fue Salmonella spp. No se han encontrado parámetros clínicos que diferencien claramente las gastroenteritis bacterianas de las víricas (AU)


Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common cause of hospitalization in the pediatric age. Although viral etiology is predominant, bacteria can occupy an important place at certain times of the year. Between January 2005 and December 2010 a descriptive and prospective survey was carried out analyzing AGE of bacterial origin requiring hospital admission, in children younger than five years in a hospital of a suburban area of Madrid. Bacterial etiology is responsible for 9.3% of revenue by AGE in less than five years, with an hospitalized incidence of 0.9 per thousand under the age of 5, having a decrease from 2005 to the rest of their years studied. Most frequently bacteria isolated was Salmonella spp. We didn't found clinical parameters to distinguish clearly between bacterial or viral gastroenteritis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança Hospitalizada/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Salmonella enterica/patogenicidade
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